While total population of India has increased from 36 crore in 1951 to 102.87 crore in 2001, the country’s total fertility rate has come down from 6 in 1951 to 2.7 in 2007.
The total fertility rate of a population is the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if she were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates and she were to survive from birth through the end of her reproductive life. It is obtained by summing the single-year age-specific rates at a given time.
The crude birth rate, which was recorded at 40.8 per 1,000 in 1951, has declined to 23.1 in 2007, as per the estimates available from the Sample Registration System (SRS) figures. The crude death rate which was recorded at 25.1 per 1,000 in 1951 has declined to 7.4 in 2007. The infant mortality rate has come down from 146 in 1951-61 to 55 in 2007.
However, not all states have similar data. Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh have Total fertility Rate (TfR) between 3.1 to 3.9, whereas Assam, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Haryana and Orissa have attained TfR between 2.3 to 2.7.